How to perform an Active Directory health check. Managing Active Directory health usually comes down to three main tasks installation and deployment, maintenance. Technical articles, content and resources for IT Professionals working in Microsoft technologies. Learn how to check Active Directory health. Performing an Active Directory health check requires verifying replications, checking event logs, defragmenting and. Before you Setup Azure AD Connect with OnPremise Active Directory it is good idea to know more about Azure AD Connect. Azure AD Connect is. By submitting your personal information, you agree that Tech. Target and its partners may contact you regarding relevant content, products and special offers. You also agree that your personal information may be transferred and processed in the United States, and that you have read and agree to the Terms of Use and the Privacy Policy. In this tip, were going to review how to build a reliable Active Directory, focusing particularly on the preventative maintenance aspects. Its way out of the scope of this article to talk about how to properly configure Active Directory. Fortunately, Microsoft has some great resources on their Technet website. I also strongly recommend that anyone who is running Active Directory get the OReilly books Active Directory and Active Directory Cookbook. These have been on my bookshelf for years, and I turn to them whenever Im working in AD. I find that AD is complex enough that the normal short Web resources just arent good enough to help in design and deployment. Once your Active Directory is up and running, you do need to perform regular maintenance on it. Every AD guru has their own set of procedures on how to check Active Directory health, but in this article, Ill share mine. Check your backups. In fact, this is so important that I wrote a whole separate Active Directory management Tech Tip about it. Make sure your replications are working. AD depends on multiple databases being kept in close synchronization by passing around updates and changes. This entire process is called replication, but its not the entire directory thats being replicated, just the changes. The whole process isnt tremendously complicated, but if your replications stop working properly, your directory wont be reliable. You can always run repadmin showrepl to see the status of recent replications and whether changes are properly synchronizing. Its unusual for there to be a failure in a LAN case, but if your domain spreads across a WAN, you can have delays. When a change is made, it wont instantaneously replicate everywhere. Nevertheless, in a healthy AD forest, your replications will all be within a few hours of each other. Repadmin tells you when the last replication was, and all of the servers should be on the same timetable. When I have more than 2 controllers to look at, I use repadmin showrepl bysrc bydest to get a snapshot of the entire AD domain controller network. Do this monthly. Check the event logs. As far as I can tell, its impossible to eliminate all errors from the event logs, especially during boot time. But for an AD domain controller that has been booted for at least a few hours, you should have nothing other than informational messages in your event log for the directory service. Its important to check event logs both when things are working properly and when you think you have a problem, so you can see which error messages are normal for your Active Directory deployment. If you are regularly getting anything other than information messages usually about defragmentation and backups in your Directory or DNS application error logs, you have a problem which needs to be resolved. This is another monthly task. Know when to defragment. The Active Directory database can get large and fragmented if you have a large directory that runs for years and years, and you can increase performance by performing periodic maintenance. In Windows 2. 00. AD as a service and perform database maintenance tasks. In earlier versions, you have to boot up into DS Restore Mode to get direct access to the directory. In either case, your preferred utility is Ntdsutil, which lets you check database integrity and reclaim space from, or defragment, the database. This is more of an annual task than a monthly one, but it is something you should plan for at least once a year. Ntdsutil has another important job It is used to reset the Directory Services Restore Mode Admin Password, something you need to do every time a system administrator leaves your company. This can be done without booting into Restore Mode in Windows 2. Use Dcdiag. I saved the best for last, because I love this tool. Dcdiag has almost 3. Active Directory, ranging from basic connectivity and security settings errors for directory servers to very specific issues such as missing machine accounts. Yes, its cryptic, its confusing, its about as hard to use as anything Microsoft has published. But it has an abundance of tests included, and it can catch all sorts of very interesting errors. I start with dcdiag a v c a means all domain controllers, v means verbose logging and c means comprehensive set of tests. to see what the big picture of errors is going to be and there are almost always a few that have to be looked at, even if they turn out to be innocuous. Some errors that Dcdiag will find, such as system log errors and KCC errors, are common but transient, often because a system has been rebooted. But others, such as the Role Holder test, indicate a serious problem when Dcdiag reports a failure. Note Repadmin and Dcdiag are both command shell based applications included in the Windows Support Tools. Theyre in the SupportTools folder on the Windows Server 2. CD, or available from Microsoft as part of KB8. If you can get a clean Dcdiag run for your domain controllers, then you are almost guaranteed a healthy and properly operating Active Directory. Not every error in Dcdiag is a big deal some of them wont really impact operations at all. Try this Put the server in Maintenance Mode for 5 minutes. Create a new Health State view From the Monitoring section, Select File New State view Change Show. Military. com provides millions of active military, retired and veterans with benefits information including health, education, military discounts, jobs and more. This article describes how to manage and customize Active Directory Federation Services AD FS by using Azure Active Directory Azure AD Connect. However, you should run this tool regularly and make sure you understand every single error and whether it is something you need to fix or not. I run Dcdiag monthly on systems which are not throwing errors, but if I have recently fixed a problem, I like to run it more frequently, such as once a week, to be sure that other problems do not creep into the directory. Once you get the hang of it, Active Directory is a wonderful thing. It can act as a single repository for information about users and groups, Windows computers, printers and more. Of course, for reliability, you always want to have multiple Active Directory servers backing each other up. This is critical to the overall security of your network if you depend on Active Directory, and it goes down, then youve got a real problem. Building a reliable Active Directory should give you the confidence to use AD for other applications. For example, most network and security devices can use RADIUS for authentication of administrators, which helps to centralize password management and account management. Similarly, almost all security devices that are user aware such as SSL VPN systems and will authenticate against Active Directory. About the author Joel Snyder is a senior partner at Opus One, an IT consulting firm specializing in security and messaging. Send comments on this technical tip editorsearchmidmarketsecurity. Join our IT Knowledge Exchange discussion forum please use the midmarket security tag.
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